VIRGINIA ENGLISH STANDARDS OF LEARNING

 

 

Kindergarten    (Kindergarten Resources)

The kindergarten student will be immersed in a print-rich environment to develop oral language skills, phonological awareness, print awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, and an appreciation for literature. The reading of fiction and nonfiction selections will enable students to develop an awareness of print materials as sources of information and enjoyment. The kindergarten student will have the opportunity to use words that describe people, places, and events. The student will recognize and print letters of the alphabet, use the basic phonetic principles of identifying and writing beginning sounds, identify story elements, and communicate ideas through pictures and writing.

 

Oral Language

K.1       The student will demonstrate growth in the use of oral language.

a)      Listen to a variety of literary forms, including stories and poems.

b)      Participate in choral speaking and recite short poems, rhymes, songs, and stories with repeated patterns.

c)      Participate in creative dramatics.

d)      Begin to discriminate between spoken sentences, words, and syllables.

e)      Recognize rhyming words. (added)

f)       Generate (substitute) rhyming words in a rhyming pattern.  

NC English LA Kindergarten Standard Course of Study Goal 3:  Objective 4

 

K.2       The student will use listening and speaking vocabularies.

a)      Use number words.

b)      Use words to describe/name people, places, and things.

c)      Use words to describe location, size, color, and shape.

d)      Use words to describe actions.

e)      Ask about words not understood.

f)       Follow one-step and two-step directions.

g)      Begin to ask how and why questions. (added)

NC English LA Kindergarten Standard Course of Study Goal 4:  Objective 2
NC English LA Kindergarten Standard Course of Study Goal 4:  Objective 3

 

K.3       The student will build oral communication skills.

a)      Begin to follow implicit rules for conversation, including taking turns and staying on topic.

b)      Express ideas and needs in complete sentences. (added)

c)      Begin to use voice level, phrasing, and intonation appropriate for language situation.

d)      Listen and speak in informal conversations with peers and adults.

e)      Begin to initiate conversations.

f)       Participate in discussions about books and specific topics.  
 (Participate in discussions about learning.)

     NC English LA Kindergarten Standard Course of Study Goal 4:  Objective 4

 

K.4       The student will hear, say, and manipulate phonemes (small units of sound) of spoken language.

a)      Identify orally words that rhyme.

b)      Identify words orally according to shared beginning or ending sounds. (medial sound deleted)

c)      Blend sounds orally to make words or syllables.

d)      Divide one-syllable words into sounds (phonemes).

e)      Divide words into syllables. (added)

NC English LA Kindergarten Standard Course of Study Goal 1: Objective 2

 

 

Reading

K.5       The student will understand how print is organized and read.

a)      Hold print materials in the correct position.

b)      Identify the front cover, back cover, and title page of a book.

c)      Follow words from left to right and from top to bottom on a printed page.

d)      Match voice with print: syllables, words, and phrases.

NC English LA Kindergarten Standard Course of Study Goal 1: Objective 1

 

K.6       The student will demonstrate an understanding that print makes sense.

a)      Explain that printed materials provide information.

b)      Identify common signs and logos.

c)      Read ten high-frequency words. (added)

d)      Read and explain own writing and drawings.  

NC English LA Kindergarten Standard Course of Study Goal 1: Objective 3

 

K.7       The student will develop an understanding of basic phonetic principles.  

a)      Identify and name the uppercase and lowercase letters of the alphabet.

b)      Match consonant and short vowel sounds to appropriate letters.

c)      Identify beginning consonant sounds in single-syllable words.

NC English LA Kindergarten Standard Course of Study Goal 1: Objective 3

 

K.8       The student will demonstrate comprehension of fiction and nonfiction.  
              (The student will demonstrate comprehension of stories.)

a)      Use pictures to make predictions about content.

b)      Retell familiar stories, using beginning, middle, and end.

c)      Discuss characters, setting, and events.

d)      Use story language in discussions and retellings.

e)      Identify what an author does and what an illustrator does.

f)       Identify the topics of nonfiction selections. (added)

NC English LA Kindergarten Standard Course of Study Goal 2: Objective 1
NC English LA Kindergarten Standard Course of Study Goal 2: Objective 5

 

Writing

K.9       The student will print the uppercase and lowercase letters of the alphabet independently.
              (The student will identify both uppercase and lowercase letters of the alphabet.)

K.10     The student will print his/her first and last names.
              (The student will print his/her name.)

K.11     The student will write to communicate ideas.
               (The student will draw pictures and/or use letters and phonetically spelled words to write about
                experiences, stories, people, objects, or events.)

a)      Draw pictures and/or use letters and phonetically spelled words to write about experiences, stories, people, objects, or events.

b)      Write left to right and top to bottom. (added)

NC English LA Kindergarten Standard Course of Study Goal 5:  Objectives 1 and 2

 

K.12     The student will explore the uses of available technology for reading and writing.

Grade One

Reading is the priority in first grade. The student will be immersed in a print-rich environment to develop oral language skills, phonetic skills, vocabulary, comprehension, and an awareness of print materials as sources of information and enjoyment. The student will use listening and speaking skills to participate in classroom discussions. The student will use a variety of strategies to read new words and will read familiar selections with fluency and expression. The student will continue to develop an understanding of character, setting, main idea, and story sequence in a variety of texts. The student will increase vocabulary and comprehension strategies by reading age-appropriate materials across the curriculum, with emphasis on materials that reflect the Standards of Learning in mathematics, science, and history and social science. The student will also demonstrate comprehension of fiction and nonfiction selections through classroom discussion and will begin to communicate ideas in writing. The student will become an independent reader by the end of first grade.

Oral Language                   

 

1.1        The student will continue to demonstrate growth in the use of oral language.

a)      Listen and respond to a variety of media, including books, audiotapes, videos, and other age-appropriate materials (publications).

b)      Tell and retell stories and events in logical order.

c)      Participate in a variety of oral language activities, including choral speaking and reciting short poems, rhymes, songs, and stories with repeated patterns.(added)

d)      Express ideas orally in complete sentences.      

      NC English LA First Grade Standard Course of Study Goal 4:  Objective 1
NC English LA First Grade Standard Course of Study Goal 4:  Objective  4

 

1.2        The student will continue to expand and use listening and speaking vocabularies.

a)      Increase oral descriptive vocabulary.

b)      Begin to ask for clarification and explanation of words and ideas.

c)      Follow simple two-step oral directions.

d)      Give simple two-step oral directions.

e)      Use singular and plural nouns.

                  NC English LA First Grade Standard Course of Study Goal 4: Objective 3 
                  NC English LA First Grade Standard Course of Study Goal 3:  Objective 3

1.3        The student will adapt or change oral language to fit the situation.

a)      Initiate conversation with peers and adults.

b)      Follow rules for conversation.

c)      Use appropriate voice level in small-group settings.

d)      Ask and respond to questions in small-group settings.

 

1.4        The student will orally identify and manipulate phonemes (small units of sound) in syllables and
             multisyllabic words.

a)      Count phonemes (sounds) in syllables or words with a maximum of three syllables.

b)      Add or delete phonemes (sounds) orally to change syllables or words.

c)      Create rhyming words orally.

d)      Blend sounds to make word parts and words with one to three syllables.

 

Reading

1.5        The student will apply knowledge of how print is organized and read.

a)      Read from left to right and from top to bottom.

b)      Match spoken words with print.

c)      Identify letters, words, and sentences.

 

1.6        The student will apply phonetic principles to read and spell.

a)      Use beginning and ending consonants to decode and spell single-syllable words.

b)      Use two-letter consonant blends to decode and spell single-syllable words.

c)      Use beginning consonant digraphs to decode and spell single-syllable words.

d)      Use short vowel sounds to decode and spell single-syllable words.

e)      Blend beginning, middle, and ending sounds to recognize and read words.

f)       Use word patterns to decode unfamiliar words.

g)      Use compound words.

h)      Read and spell common, high-frequency sight words, including the, said, and come.  

NC English LA First Grade Standard Course of Study Goal 1:  Objective 2

 

1.7        The student will use meaning clues and language structure to expand vocabulary when reading.

a)      Use titles and pictures.

b)      Use knowledge of the story and topic to read words.

c)      Use knowledge of sentence structure.

d)      Reread and self-correct.

 

1.8        The student will read familiar stories, poems, and passages with fluency and expression.

 

1.9        The student will read and demonstrate comprehension of a variety of fiction and nonfiction.

a)      Preview the selection.

b)      Set a purpose for reading.

c)      Relate previous experiences to what is read.

d)      Make predictions about content.

e)      Ask and answer who, what, when, where, why, and how questions about what is read.

f)       Identify characters, setting, and important events.

g)      Retell stories and events, using beginning, middle, and end.

h)      Identify the topic or main idea.

 

1.10      The student will use simple reference materials.

a)      Use knowledge of alphabetical order by first letter.

b)      Use a picture dictionary to find meanings of unfamiliar words.

 

Writing

1.11      The student will print legibly.

a)      Form letters.

b)      Space words and sentences.

 

1.12      The student will write to communicate ideas.

a)      Generate ideas.

b)      Focus on one topic.

c)      Use descriptive words when writing about people, places, things, and events.

d)      Use complete sentences in final copies.

e)      Begin each sentence with a capital letter and use ending punctuation in final copies.

f)       Use correct spelling for high-frequency sight words and phonetically regular words in final copies.

g)      Share writing with others.

h)      Use available technology.  

 

 

 

 

Grade Two

Reading continues to be a priority in second grade. The student will be immersed in a print-rich environment filled with fiction and nonfiction selections, which relate to all areas of the curriculum and interest. The student will expand vocabulary by speaking and listening effectively in classroom discussions, use a combination of strategies when reading, and read age-appropriate familiar selections with fluency and expression. The student will learn comprehension strategies for fiction and nonfiction materials. The student will be asked to identify main ideas, to make and confirm predictions, and to formulate questions about learning in all subjects, with emphasis on materials that reflect the Standards of Learning in mathematics, science, and history and social science. The student will write stories, letters, and simple explanations; apply simple grammatical principles to writing; and locate information in reference materials.

 

Oral Language

2.1        The student will demonstrate an understanding of oral language structure.

a)      Create oral stories to share with others.

b)      Create and participate in oral dramatic activities.

c)      Use correct verb tenses in oral communication.

d)      Use increasingly complex sentence structures in oral communication.

 

2.2        The student will continue to expand listening and speaking vocabularies.

a)      Use words that reflect a growing range of interests and knowledge.

b)      Clarify and explain words and ideas orally.

c)      Follow oral directions with three or four steps.

d)      Give three-step and four-step directions.

e)      Identify and use synonyms and antonyms in oral communication.

 

2.3        The student will use oral communication skills.

a)      Use oral language for different purposes: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.

b)      Share stories or information orally with an audience.

c)      Participate as a contributor and leader in a group.

d)      Summarize information shared orally by others.

 

Reading

2.4        The student will use phonetic strategies when reading and spelling.

a)      Use knowledge of consonants, consonant blends, and consonant digraphs to decode and spell words.

b)      Use knowledge of short, long, and r-controlled vowel patterns to decode and spell words.

c)      Decode regular multisyllabic words.

 

2.5        The student will use meaning clues and language structure when reading.

a)      Use information in the story to read words.

b)      Use knowledge of sentence structure.

c)      Use knowledge of story structure and sequence.

2.6        The student will use language structure to expand vocabulary when reading.

a)      Use knowledge of prefixes and suffixes.

b)      Use knowledge of contractions and singular possessives.

c)      Use knowledge of simple abbreviations.

d)      Use knowledge of antonyms and synonyms.

 

2.7        The student will read fiction and nonfiction, using a variety of strategies independently.

a)      Preview the selection by using pictures, diagrams, titles, and headings.

b)      Set purpose for reading.

c)      Read stories, poems, and passages with fluency and expression.

d)      Reread and self-correct when necessary.

 

2.8        The student will read and demonstrate comprehension of fiction and nonfiction.

a)      Make predictions about content.

b)      Read to confirm predictions.

c)      Relate previous experiences to the topic.

d)      Ask and answer questions about what is read.

e)      Locate information to answer questions.

f)       Describe characters, setting, and important events in fiction and poetry.

g)      Identify the problem, solution, and main idea.

 

2.9        The student will demonstrate comprehension of information in reference materials.

a)      Use a table of contents.

b)      Use pictures and charts.

c)      Use dictionaries and indices.

 

Writing

2.10      The student will maintain manuscript and begin to make the transition to cursive.

 

2.11      The student will write stories, letters, and simple explanations.

a)      Generate ideas before writing.

b)      Organize writing to include a beginning, middle, and end.

c)      Revise writing for clarity.

d)      Use available technology.

 

2.12      The student will edit writing for correct grammar, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.

a)      Recognize and use complete sentences.

b)      Use and punctuate declarative, interrogative, and exclamatory sentences.

c)      Capitalize all proper nouns and the word I.

d)      Use singular and plural nouns and pronouns.

e)      Use apostrophes in contractions, including don’t, isn’t, and can’t.

f)       Use correct spelling for high-frequency sight words, including compound words and regular plurals.

Grade Three

Reading continues to be a priority in third grade. Emphasis is on learning about words, reading age-appropriate text with fluency and expression, and learning comprehension strategies. The student will read a variety of fiction and nonfiction literature, which relates to all areas of the curriculum. The student will use effective communication skills in group activities and will present brief oral reports. Reading comprehension strategies will be applied in all subjects, with emphasis on materials that reflect the Standards of Learning in mathematics, science, and history and social science. The student will plan, draft, revise, and edit stories, simple explanations, and short reports. In addition, the student will gather and use information from print and nonprint sources. The student also will write legibly in cursive.

 

Oral Language

3.1        The student will use effective communication skills in group activities.

a)      Listen attentively by making eye contact, facing the speaker, asking questions, and summarizing what is said.

b)      Ask and respond to questions from teachers and other group members.

c)      Explain what has been learned.

 

3.2        The student will present brief oral reports.

a)      Speak clearly.

b)      Use appropriate volume and pitch.

c)      Speak at an understandable rate.

d)      Organize ideas sequentially or around major points of information.

e)      Use grammatically correct language and specific vocabulary to communicate ideas.

 

Reading

3.3        The student will apply word-analysis skills when reading.

a)      Use knowledge of all vowel patterns.

b)      Use knowledge of homophones.

c)      Decode regular multisyllabic words.

 

3.4        The student will use strategies to read a variety of fiction and nonfiction materials.

a)      Preview and use text formats.

b)      Set a purpose for reading.

c)      Apply meaning clues, language structure, and phonetic strategies.

d)      Use context to clarify meaning of unfamiliar words.

e)      Read fiction and nonfiction fluently and accurately.

f)       Reread and self-correct when necessary.

 

3.5        The student will read and demonstrate comprehension of fiction.

a)      Set a purpose for reading.

b)      Make connections between previous experiences and reading selections.

c)      Make, confirm, or revise predictions.

d)      Compare and contrast settings, characters, and events.

e)      Identify the author’s purpose.

f)       Ask and answer questions.

g)      Draw conclusions about character and plot.

h)      Organize information and events logically.

i)        Summarize major points found in fiction materials.

j)        Understand basic plots of fairy tales, myths, folktales, legends, and fables.

 

3.6        The student will continue to read and demonstrate comprehension of nonfiction.

a)      Identify the author’s purpose.

b)      Make connections between previous experiences and reading selections.

c)      Ask and answer questions about what is read.

d)      Draw conclusions.

e)      Organize information and events logically.

f)       Summarize major points found in nonfiction materials.

g)      Identify the characteristics of biographies and autobiographies.

h)      Compare and contrast the lives of two persons as described in biographies and/or autobiographies.

 

3.7        The student will demonstrate comprehension of information from a variety of print resources.

a)      Use dictionary, glossary, thesaurus, encyclopedia, and other reference books, including online reference materials.

b)      Use available technology.

 

Writing

3.8        The student will write legibly in cursive.

 

3.9        The student will write descriptive paragraphs.

a)      Develop a plan for writing.

b)      Focus on a central idea.

c)      Group related ideas.

d)      Include descriptive details that elaborate the central idea.

e)      Revise writing for clarity.

 

3.10      The student will write stories, letters, simple explanations, and short reports across all content areas.

a)      Use a variety of planning strategies.

b)      Organize information according to the type of writing.

c)      Identify the intended audience.

d)      Revise writing for specific vocabulary and information.

e)      Use available technology.

 

3.11      The student will edit writing for correct grammar, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.

a)      Use complete and varied sentences.

b)      Use the word I in compound subjects.

c)      Use past and present verb tense.

d)      Use singular possessives.

e)      Use commas in a simple series.

f)       Use simple abbreviations.

g)      Use apostrophes in contractions with pronouns.

h)      Use correct spelling for high-frequency sight words, including irregular plurals.

Grade Four

In fourth grade, reading and writing skills support an increased emphasis on content-area learning and utilization of the resources of the media center, especially to locate and read primary sources of information. A significant percentage of reading material will relate to the study of mathematics, science, and history and social science. The student will use text organizers, summarize information, formulate questions, and draw conclusions to demonstrate reading comprehension. The student will also read classic and contemporary literature selections by a variety of authors. The student will continue to increase communication skills in large- and small-group settings. In addition, the student will plan, draft, revise, and edit narratives and explanations. The student will also routinely use information resources and word references while writing.

 

Oral Language

4.1        The student will use effective oral communication skills in a variety of settings.

a)      Present accurate directions to individuals and small groups.

b)      Contribute to group discussions.

c)      Seek ideas and opinions of others.

d)      Use evidence to support opinions.

e)      Use grammatically correct language and specific vocabulary to communicate ideas.

 

4.2        The student will make and listen to oral presentations and reports.

a)      Use subject-related information and vocabulary.

b)      Listen to and record information.

c)      Organize information for clarity.

 

Reading

4.3        The student will read fiction and nonfiction with fluency and accuracy.

a)      Use context to clarify meanings of unfamiliar words.

b)      Explain words with multiple meanings.

c)      Use knowledge of word origins; synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms; and multiple meanings of words.

d)      Use word-reference materials, including the glossary, dictionary, and thesaurus.

 

4.4        The student will read and demonstrate comprehension of fiction.

a)      Explain the author’s purpose.

b)      Describe how the choice of language, setting, and information contributes to the author’s purpose.

c)      Compare the use of fact and fantasy in historical fiction with other forms of literature.

d)      Identify major events and supporting details.

e)      Describe the relationship between text and previously read materials.

f)       Identify sensory words.

           

4.5        The student will read and demonstrate comprehension of nonfiction.

a)      Use text organizers, such as type, headings, and graphics, to predict and categorize information.

b)      Formulate questions that might be answered in the selection.

c)      Explain the author’s purpose.

d)      Make simple inferences, using information from texts.

e)      Draw conclusions, using information from texts.

f)       Summarize content of selection, identifying important ideas and providing details for each important idea.

g)      Describe relationship between content and previously learned concepts or skills.

h)      Distinguish between cause and effect and between fact and opinion.

i)        Identify new information gained from reading.

 

4.6        The student will demonstrate comprehension of information resources to research a topic.

a)      Construct questions about a topic.

b)      Collect information, using the resources of the media center, including online, print, and media resources.

c)      Evaluate and synthesize information.

 

Writing

4.7        The student will write effective narratives, poems, and explanations.

a)      Focus on one aspect of a topic.

b)      Develop a plan for writing.

c)      Organize writing to convey a central idea.

d)      Write several related paragraphs on the same topic.

e)      Utilize elements of style, including word choice and sentence variation.

f)       Write rhymed, unrhymed, and patterned poetry.

g)      Use available technology.

 

4.8        The student will edit writing for correct grammar, capitalization, spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure.

a)      Use subject-verb agreement.

b)      Include prepositional phrases.